{"id":12,"date":"2015-10-05T06:53:46","date_gmt":"2015-10-05T06:53:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bsmrau.edu.bd\/aer\/?page_id=12"},"modified":"2022-08-11T06:16:07","modified_gmt":"2022-08-11T06:16:07","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/gau.edu.bd\/anh\/research\/","title":{"rendered":"Research"},"content":{"rendered":"

The list of research projects conducted by the department:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Sl No. <\/strong>Project Title <\/strong>Funded By <\/strong>Person Involve<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
08<\/td>\nMechanistic insight on atrazine-induced male reproductive toxicity<\/td>\nMoST, Bangladesh<\/td>\nDr. Mohammad Shah Alam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
07<\/td>\nToxicological effects of mosquito coil emission on histomorphological, biochemical, and hematological parameters of mice<\/td>\nMoST, Bangladesh<\/td>\nDR. Tanjina Amin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
06<\/td>\nMorphometrical and histological studies on testes development in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica<\/em>)<\/td>\nUGC-RMC, BSMRAU<\/td>\nDr. Mohammad Shah Alam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
05<\/td>\nPossible protective role of selenium and vit E on di(n-butyl) phthalate-induced testicular disturbances in prepubertal rats<\/td>\nUGC-RMC, BSMRAU<\/td>\nDr. Mohammad Shah Alam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
04<\/td>\nMicroscopic organization of the Sperm Storage Tubules (SSTs) in the oviduct of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica<\/em>)<\/td>\nUGC-RMC, BSMRAU<\/td>\nDR. Md. Abdullah-Al- Mahmud<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
03<\/td>\nDevelopment of laboratory animals resources for academic and innovative research in veterinary anatomy<\/td>\nMoST, Bangladesh<\/td>\nDr. Mohammad Shah Alam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
02<\/td>\n\u00a0Cytotoxic effects of Calcium Carbide in Swiss Albino mice<\/td>\nUGC-RMC, BSMRAU<\/td>\nDR. Md. Abdullah-Al- Mahmud<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
01<\/td>\nEffects of di(n-butyl) phthalate in prepubertal quail testes<\/td>\nUGC-RMC, BSMRAU<\/td>\nDr. Mohammad Shah Alam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/h3>\n

Major Publications in this department:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

49. Alam MS,<\/strong>\u00a0Czajkowsky DM, Islam MA, Rahman MA. The role of vitamin D in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection: An update.\u00a0International immunopharmacology<\/strong><\/em>. 2021 Apr 17:107686. (SCI;\u00a0Impactor Factor: 4.93<\/strong>). link: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1567576921003222<\/a><\/p>\n

48.<\/strong> Zhang N, Li X, Czajkowsky DM, Zhang H, Alam MS<\/strong>, Shao Z. Efficient and Fast Immuno-labeling of Clarified Tissues Using Low-Field Enhanced Diffusion.\u00a0IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering<\/strong><\/em>. 2021 Mar 31. (SCI;\u00a0Impactor Factor: 4.24<\/strong>). link:\u00a0https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9392294<\/a><\/p>\n

47. Alam MS<\/strong>, Kurohmaru M. Di-n-butyl phthalate diminishes testicular steroidogenesis by blocking the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013testicular axis: relationship with germ cell apoptosis in Japanese quail.\u00a0Reproduction, Fertility and Development<\/strong><\/em>. 2021 Jan 1;33(5):319-27. (SCI;\u00a0Impactor Factor: 1.72<\/strong>). Link:\u00a0https:\/\/www.publish.csiro.au\/RD\/RD20150<\/a><\/p>\n

46.<\/strong> Islam MA, Alam MS<\/strong>. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on veterinary medical education. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice. 18(5).\u00a0link\u00a0https:\/\/ro.uow.edu.au\/jutlp\/vol18\/iss5\/14\/<\/a><\/p>\n

45. Alam MS,<\/strong>\u00a0Rahman A, Islam A. Growth of Japanese Quail Testes in Relation to Age: Morphological and Immunohistochemical Observation.\u00a0Egyptian Journal of Histology<\/strong><\/em>. 2021 Jan 29.(Scopus cited publication). Link:\u00a0https:\/\/ejh.journals.ekb.eg\/article_144621.html<\/a><\/p>\n

44.<\/strong> Hasan I,\u00a0Amin T,\u00a0<\/strong>Alam MR and Islam MR (2021). Hematobiochemical and histopathological alterations of kidney and testis due to exposure of 4G cell phone radiation in mice.\u00a0Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.<\/em>\u00a028, 2933-42. DOI:\u00a010.13140\/RG.2.2.14088.65284<\/a><\/p>\n

43.<\/strong> Islam MA, Rahman AN, Alam MS<\/strong>, Islam MT. Gastrointestinal nematodiasis in quail in Bangladesh.\u00a0Veterinary Sciences: Research and Reviews<\/em><\/strong>. 2020;6(2):138-42.(Scopus cited publication). Link:\u00a0http:\/\/researcherslinks.com\/current-issues\/Gastrointestinal-Nematodiasis-in-Quail\/18\/1\/3413<\/a><\/p>\n

42. Alam MS.<\/strong>\u00a0The potential danger of herd immunity without a vaccine.\u00a0MIT research Review<\/em><\/strong>. 2020. <\/a>Link:\u00a0https:\/\/www.newagebd.net\/article\/111078\/the-potential-danger-of-herd-immunity-without-a-vaccine<\/a><\/p>\n

41. Alam MS<\/strong>, Alam MZ, Nazir KN, Bhuiyan MA. The emergence of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Bangladesh: Present status, challenges, and future management.\u00a0Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research<\/em><\/strong>. 2020 Jun;7(2):198.Link:\u00a0https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7320814\/<\/a><\/p>\n

40<\/strong>. Qiu S, Jiang W, Alam MS<\/strong>, Chen S, Lai C, Wang T, Li X, Liu J, Gao M, Tang Y, Li X. Viscoelastic characterization of injured brain tissue after controlled cortical impact (CCI) using a mouse model.\u00a0Journal of neuroscience methods<\/em><\/strong>. 2020 Jan 15;330:108463. (SCI;\u00a0Impactor Factor: 2.78<\/strong>). Link:\u00a0https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0165027019303206<\/a><\/p>\n

39.<\/strong> Sultana N, Amin T,\u00a0<\/strong>Afrose M, Rony SA, Rafiq K (2020). Effects of Dexamethasone on the Morphometry and Biometry of Immune Organs of Broiler Chicken.\u00a0International Journal of Morphology.<\/em> 38 (4), 1032-38. IJM , Nasrin<\/a><\/p>\n

38.<\/strong> Lu J, Zhong H, Chu T, Zhang X, Li R, Sun J, Zhong R, Yang Y, Alam MS<\/strong>, Lou Y, Xu J. Role of anlotinib-induced CCL2 decrease in anti-angiogenesis and response prediction for nonsmall cell lung cancer therapy.\u00a0European Respiratory Journal<\/strong><\/em>. 2019 Mar 1;53(3). (SCI;\u00a0Impact factor: 12.46<\/strong>). Link:\u00a0https:\/\/erj.ersjournals.com\/content\/early\/2018\/12\/05\/13993003.01562-2018<\/a><\/p>\n

37.<\/strong> Sultana N, Khan MZI, Amin T<\/strong>, Jahan MR, Uddin MI (2019). Preservation of internal organs of goat by an alternative method of plastination.\u00a0The Journal of Plastination.\u00a0<\/em>31 (1), 14-18JP, Nasrin<\/a><\/p>\n

36. Sharif MA<\/strong>, Haque Z & Islam MR*, (2019); The possible histo-toxicological impacts of long-term dietary supplementation of Soybean and Canola oil on liver in Swiss albino mice; Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics;<\/em> Vol. 2, Issue 3, 98-102. link:\u00a0https:\/\/www.bsmiab.org\/jabet\/178-1557986892-the-possible-histo-toxicological-impacts-of-long-term-dietary-supplementation-of-soybean-and-canola-oil-on-liver-in-swiss-albino-mice\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

35. Alam MS<\/strong>, Hoque MN. Prophylactic effects of vitamin E and selenium on di (n-butyl) phthalate-induced testicular damage in prepubertal rats.\u00a0J. Adv. Biotechnol. Exp. Ther<\/strong><\/em>.. 2018;1:65-71. (Scopus and PMC indexing publication). Link:\u00a0https:\/\/www.ejmanager.com\/mnstemps\/178\/178-1530154652.pdf?t=1625555171<\/a><\/p>\n

34.<\/strong> Jannat N<\/strong>, Amin T, Sultana N, Jahan MR and Islam MR (2018). Long term administration of gentamicin affects hemato-biochemical parameters and liver architecture of Swiss albino mice.\u00a0Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics.\u00a0<\/em>1 (2), 29-35. JABET, Nure Jannat<\/a><\/p>\n

33.<\/strong> Jannat N,<\/strong> Sultana N and Islam MR (2017). Administration of gentamicin induced hematobiochemical and renal morphological alterations in Swiss albino mice. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 11(34):426-432. link: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5897\/AJPP2017.4815<\/a><\/p>\n

32.<\/strong> Afrin M, Amin T,<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0 Karim MR and Islam MR (2017). Formaldehyde Intoxication and Open Field Behavior in Mice.\u00a0International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research<\/em> 8(8), 1665-1668. IJSER, Marya<\/a><\/p>\n

31.<\/strong> Sultana N, Afrin M, Amin T\u00a0<\/strong>and M. Afrose (2017). Macro and MicroscopicMorphology of Lyssa Body in Dog.\u00a0Bangladesh Journal\u00a0 VeterinaryMedicine.<\/em>\u00a0 15 (1),\u00a0 59-61.\u00a0 Bangl. J. Vet. Med, Nasrin<\/a><\/p>\n

30.<\/strong> Paul S, Rahman ANMA,\u00a0Abdullah-Al-Mahmud M,\u00a0<\/strong>Uzzal AR, Das ZC. Wound healing by marigold (Calendula officinalis<\/em>) and turmeric (Curcuma longa<\/em>) paste: A comparative approach.\u00a0Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research<\/strong>,\u00a0<\/em> 4(4): 333-342, 2017.<\/p>\n

29.<\/strong> Jannat N<\/strong>, Ferdousi M and Mamun AA. Ion-Acoustic Gardner Solitons in a Four-Component Nonextensive Multi-Ion Plasma<\/a>. Plasma Physics Reports, 2016, Vol. 42, No. 7, pp. 678\u2013686. link:\u00a0http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.7868\/S0367292116070052<\/a><\/p>\n

28.<\/strong> Jannat N<\/strong>, Ferdousi M and Mamun AA (2015). Ion-Acoustic Shock Waves in Nonextensive Multi-Ion Plasmas. Communications in Theoretical Physics 64(4):479-484. Link:\u00a0http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1134\/S1063780X16070059<\/a><\/p>\n

27. Jannat N<\/strong>, Ferdousi M and Mamun AA (2015). Nonplanar ion-acoustic shock waves in a multi-ion plasma with nonextensive electrons and positrons. Journal- Korean Physical Society 67(3):496-501. Link:\u00a0http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3938\/jkps.67.496<\/a><\/p>\n

26.<\/strong> Afrin M, Amin T,<\/strong>\u00a0Karim MR and Islam MR (2016). Gross and histomorphological effects of formaldehyde on brain and lungs of Swiss albino mice.\u00a0Asian journal of Medical and Biological Research<\/em>2(2), 229-235. AJMBR, Marya<\/a><\/p>\n

25.<\/strong> Afrin M, Amin T,<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0 Karim MR and Islam MR (2016). Effects of formaldehyde on gross and histomorphological parameters on liver and kidney of Swiss albino mice.\u00a0IOSR- Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science\u00a0<\/em>9(9), 76-81. IOSR-JAVS, Marya<\/a><\/p>\n

24. Amin T, <\/strong>Afrin M, Haque Z and \u00a0Islam MR (2016). Effects of Textile Dye Waste water on Reproductive System of Mice and their Progeny.\u00a0International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research<\/em> 7(10), 565-571. IJSER, Tanjina<\/a><\/p>\n

23. Amin T, <\/strong>Afrin M, Haque Z and \u00a0Islam MR (2016).Toxicity of Textile Dye Wastewater on Liver of Mice.\u00a0IOSR- Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>9(5), 1-6. IOSR-JAVS, Tanjina<\/a><\/p>\n

22. Mahmud MAA, <\/strong>Awal MA, Das SK. Concurrent Changes of Biochemical Parameters with Various Laying Stages of Japanese Quail.\u00a0International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research<\/em><\/strong>, 7(8): 1432-1435, 2016.<\/p>\n

21. Alam MS<\/strong>, Kurohmaru M. Butylbenzyl phthalate induces spermatogenic cell apoptosis in prepubertal rats.\u00a0Tissue and Cell<\/strong><\/em> 48: 35-42, 2016. (SCI; Impact factor: 2.466). Link:\u00a0https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0040816615000968<\/a><\/p>\n

20.<\/strong> Amin, M. A., Bhakta, S., Abdullah-Al-Mahmud, M.,<\/strong> Awal, M. A. & Das, S. K. \u201cHerbal extract (Ficus racemosa<\/em>) restores the damages of diabetic pancreas both at gross and cellular levels: An in vivo study in mice\u201d. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research<\/em><\/strong>, 08.01(2016), 695-702.<\/p>\n

19. Mahmud MAA<\/strong>, Mussa MT. Comparative macro anatomy of forelimb bones of Black Bengal goat and indigenous dog: an over view. American Journal of Agricultural Science Engineering and Technology.<\/em><\/strong> 3 (1): 45-55, 2016.<\/p>\n

18.<\/strong> Hoque MN, Das ZC, Talukder AK, Alam MS<\/strong>,. Aminoor Rahman ANM. Different screening tests and milk somatic cell count for the prevalence of subclinical bovine mastitis in Bangladesh.\u00a0Tropical Animal Health Production<\/strong><\/em>\u00a047: 79\u00e2\u20ac\u201c86, 2015 (SCI;\u00a0Impact factor: 1.33<\/strong>). Link:\u00a0https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25326717\/<\/a><\/p>\n

17.<\/strong> Mussa MT, Kamal MM, Mahmud MAA<\/strong>, Sarker BK, Jalil MA. Das SK. Evaluation of rapid and efficient method for preservation of skeletons of rabbit and goose. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine<\/em><\/strong>. 13(2): 27-31, 2015.<\/p>\n

16. Alam MS<\/strong>, Kurohmaru M. Disruption of Sertoli cell vimentin filaments in prepubertal rats: an acute effect of butylparaben in vivo and in vitro. Acta Histochemica<\/em><\/strong>, 116:682-687, 2014. (ISI cited publication). (SCI; Impact factor: 2.47<\/strong>). Link:\u00a0https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0065128113002390<\/a><\/p>\n

15. Alam MS<\/strong>, Ohsako S, Kanai Y, Kurohmaru M. Single administration of butylparaben induces spermatogenic cell apoptosis in prepubertal rat testes.\u00a0Acta Histochemica<\/strong><\/em>, 116:474-480, 2014. (SCI;\u00a0Impact factor: 2.47<\/strong>). Link:\u00a0https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0065128113001943?via%3Dihub<\/a><\/p>\n

14. Mahmud MAA,<\/strong> Das SK. Epidemiology associated with risk factors of Bovine Clinical Mastitis (BCM) at Sirajgonj upazila in Sirajgonj district. International Journal of BioResearch<\/em><\/strong>.<\/em> 1(6): 23-29, 2013.<\/p>\n

13. Mahmud MAA,<\/strong> Das SK. Sperm host glands (SHGs) in the native chicken (Gallus domesticus<\/em>): A review. International Journal of BioResearch<\/em><\/strong>. 1(5): 10-17, 2013.<\/p>\n

12<\/strong>. Jannat N<\/strong>, Chowdhury EH, Parvin R, Begum JA, Giasuddin M, Khan MAHNA and Islam MR (2013). Investigation of an Outbreak of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Poultry in Bangladesh. International Journal of Livestock Research, Vol 3(3b) Sept\u201913. Link:\u00a0https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/316855201_Investigation_of_an_Outbreak_of_Low <\/a>Pathogenic_Avian_Influenza_in_Poultry_in_Bangladesh<\/a><\/p>\n

11.<\/strong> R Parvin, Chowdhury EH, Jannat N<\/strong>, Haider MG, Asaduzzaman M and Khan MAHNA (2012). Development of slide micro-agglutination system for the rapid diagnosis of Salmonella infection in the chicken. IRJALS 1(2): p. 1 \u2013 11. link:\u00a0https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/235217935_Development_of_slide_microagglutination <\/a>system_for_the_rapid_diagnosis_of_Salmonella_infection_in_the_chicken<\/a><\/p>\n

10. Alam MS<\/strong>, Ohsako S, Matsuwaki T, Zhu XB, Tsunekawa N, Kanai Y, Sone H, Tohyama C, Kurohmaru M. Induction of spermatogenic cell apoptosis in prepubertal rats irrespective of testicular steroidogenesis: A possible estrogenic effect of di(n-butyl) phthalate.\u00a0Reproduction<\/strong><\/em>, 139: 427-437, 2010. (SCI;\u00a0Impact factor: 3.99<\/strong>). Link:\u00a0https:\/\/rep.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/rep\/139\/2\/427.xml<\/a><\/p>\n

09. Alam MS<\/strong>, Ohsako S, Tay TW, Tsunekawa N, Kanai Y, Kurohmaru M. Di(n-butyl) phthalate induces vimentin filaments disruption in rat Sertoli cells: A possible relation with spermatogenic cell apoptosis.\u00a0Anatomia Histologia Embryologia<\/strong><\/em>, 39 (3): 186-193, 2010. (SCI;\u00a0Impact factor: 1.05<\/strong>). Link:\u00a0https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/j.1439-0264.2010.00993.x<\/a><\/p>\n

08. Alam MS<\/strong>, Andriana BB, Tay TW, Tsunekawa N, Kanai Y, Kurohmaru M. Single administration of di(n-butyl) phthalate delays spermatogenesis in prepubertal rats.\u00a0Tissue and Cell<\/strong><\/em>, 42 (2): 129-135, 2010. (SCI;\u00a0Impact factor: 2.46<\/strong>). Link:\u00a0https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0040816610000078?via%3Dihub<\/a><\/p>\n

07.<\/strong> Zhu XB, Tay TW, Andriana BB, Alam MS<\/strong>, Choi EK, Tsunekawa N, Kanai Y, Kurohmaru M. Effects of di-iso-butyl phthalate on testes of prepubertal rats and mice.\u00a0Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica<\/strong><\/em>, 86 (4): 129-136, 2010. (Scopus cited publication). Link:\u00a0https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20560449\/<\/a><\/p>\n

06.<\/strong> Andriana BB, Oshima Y, Takanezawa S, Tay TW, Soeratman CL, Alam MS, Mitsuoka H, Zhu XB, Suzuki T, Yamamoto YS, Tsunekawa N. Verifying of endocrine disruptor chemical affect to the mouse testes: can raman spectroscopy support histology study?. InFrontiers in Pathogen Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems 2009 Feb 24 (Vol. 7167, p. 71670Y). International Society for Optics and Photonics.. Link: https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/conference-proceedings-of-spie\/7167\/71670Y\/Verifying-of-endocrine-disruptor-chemical-affect-to-the-mouse-testes\/10.1117\/12.808700.full?SSO=1<\/a><\/p>\n

05.<\/strong> Tay TW, Andriana BB, Ishii M, Choi EK, Zhu XB, Alam MS<\/strong>, Tsunekawa N, Kanai Y, Kurohmaru M. Phagocytosis plays an important role in clearing dead cells caused by mono(2-ethylhexyl) (MEHP) phthalate administration.\u00a0Tissue and Cell<\/strong><\/em>, 39(4): 241-246, 2007. (SCI;\u00a0Impact factor: 2.46<\/strong>). Link:\u00a0https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0040816607000365?via%3Dihub<\/a><\/p>\n

04.<\/strong> Tay TW, Andriana BB, Ishii M, Choi EK, Zhu XB, Alam MS<\/strong>, Tsunekawa N, Kanai Y, Kurohmaru M. An ultrastructural study on the effects of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on mice testes: Cell death and sloughing of spermatogenic cells.\u00a0Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica<\/em><\/strong>, 83(4): 123-130, 2007. (Scopus cited publication). Link:\u00a0https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17380854\/<\/a><\/p>\n

03. Alam MS<\/strong>, Das SK, Awal MA. Morphometry of spleen with special emphasis on its arterial circulation of the indigenous horse in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine<\/em><\/strong>, 3(1): 73-76, 2005.<\/p>\n

02.<\/strong> Das SK, Alam MS<\/strong>, Islam MN, Awal MA. Histology of the spleen of indigenous dog (Canis familiaris<\/em>) of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine<\/em><\/strong>, 3(1): 59-61, 2005.<\/p>\n

01.<\/strong> Das SK, Khan MZI, Alam MS<\/strong>. Histological evidence for blood supply to the sperm host glands (SHG) in the oviduct on native chicken (Gallus domesticus<\/em>). Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine<\/strong>, 3(2): 170-172, 2005.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The list of research projects conducted by the department: Sl No. Project Title Funded By Person Involve 08 Mechanistic insight on atrazine-induced male reproductive toxicity MoST, Bangladesh Dr. Mohammad Shah Alam 07 Toxicological effects of mosquito coil emission on histomorphological, biochemical, and hematological parameters of mice MoST, Bangladesh DR. Tanjina Amin 06 Morphometrical and histological […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t